Phlebology > Volume 23, Number 4 > Pp. 149-157

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A-Z Series Venous Disease A-Z series: no. 5

Chronic deep venous obstruction: definition, prevalence, diagnosis, management

Peter Neglén 

River Oaks Hospital, Flowood, MI, USA

Correspondence: Peter Neglén MD PhD, 1020 River Oaks Drive, Suite 480 Flowood, MI 39232, USA. Email: neglenmd{at}earthlink.net

Ilio-caval venous obstruction has an important role in the expression of symptomatic chronic venous disease regardless of aetiology. The presence of obstruction has been more or less previously ignored and emphasis placed on reflux alone. Stenting of the ilio-femoral veins guided by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can now be performed with low morbidity and mortality using appropriate technique. Current diagnostic modalities do not allow a definitive assessment of haemodynamically critical venous obstruction, which hampers selection of limbs for treatment. The diagnosis must be based on morphological studies (preferably IVUS) in patient selected with specific history, signs and symptoms. A high index of suspicion and generous use of morphological investigations are critical in the initial recognition of venous outflow obstruction. Stenting of the ilio-femoral vein appears to be durable with a substantial improvement in limb pain and swelling, high rate of ulcer healing, enhanced quality of life and decreased disability. The beneficial clinical outcome occurs regardless of the presence of remaining reflux, adjunct saphenous procedures or aetiology of obstruction.

Key Words: iliac vein obstruction • post-thrombotic syndrome • May-Thurner syndrome • venous stenting • chronic venous disease

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